References
Andrejevic, Mark . Reality TV: The Work of Being Watched. New York, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
The book puts the trend of reality television into a broader social context, linking it to our surveillance based, digitally enhanced culture and to a growing mistrust of mediated reality. Andrejevic explores a variety of realtity television programs, from the original Big Brother, to shows that used it as a model, providing information through statistical data as well as interviews with show participants and producers. The text also puts reality television into the context of increasing conglomeration of media forms the contemporary media system. Adrejevic examines the use of websites and television shows in reality TV franchises which heighten viewers interactivity, interest and participation. In addition, this can increase the perceived proximity between viewers and reality stars, and he relates this idea back to the deconstruction of the traditional celebrity in reality television trends. The author also alludes to reality television giving a "false sense of democratization" and raises questions of authenticity of "real" media, such as providing "scripted" reality. He connects this to shows are looking to provide more raw, real material.
Henderson, Amy. "Media and the Rise of Celebrity Culture." OAH Magazine of History,April 1992.
The magazine article describes the emergence of a "celebrity culture"over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in American Society. The article contributes this to a shift in social perception of the "public figure" in the end of the nineteenth century. Henderson describes the "celebrity" a entity known for simply from his 'well-knowness versus honor or accomplishments. The 'celebrity" is a creation of the media as mass media exposed entertainers to mass audiences and cultivated their "well-knowness".In Henderson argues that machinery providing mass information, flourishing print, broadcasting, recording and film industries all created a ravenous market for celebrity culture. The centralization of the entertainment industry (Broadway and Hollywood) further consolidated the existence of a celebrity culture. The article pinpoints America's shift from a producing to consuming society, as well as the communication revolution as important roots to the rise of celebrity culture. The article closes with a criticism of the modern celebrity based culture, saying we went from a society with proper pedestals to one in which new "heroes" are disposable, media created projections of our true selves and consumerist imperatives.
Luspa, Cristian. “Confessional culture' draws a crowd” The Christian Science Monitor (2007).CSMonitor.com http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0131/p13s02-algn.html
This article discusses the prevalence of self-revelation and confessional tendencies in the media in entertainment today. The article mentions these trends present in a variety of media forms, from theater performances to television. The author attributes the rise in confessional tendencies to a social movement beginning in the sixties in which media consumers began to demand more 'sincere' media that exposed the "realness" of life and other peoples’ experiences. This shift in social thought manifested itself through the rise in daytime talk shows to reality television in mainstream entertainment as well as Internet blogging. The article centers around the idea that today people are more likely to candidly expose their thoughts and experiences and that new media has acted as a platform for them to do so more effectively to larger masses of people. The text concludes with social implications for these confessional trends. The author argues that confessional culture in the media has encouraged people to feel more comfortable in talking more openly about issues and the sharing of collective experiences has fostered a sense of connectivity between media consumers.
Marsh, Amanda. "America's Obsession with Daytime Talk Shows." faculty.etsu.edu.http://faculty.etsu.edu/odonnell/2009fall/engl3130/studentessays/tabloidtv.htm (accessed December 1, 2010).
The article attempts to explain the popularity of daytime talkshows in American culture through looking at the origins of these types of television programming and how it has involved into a genre with multiple sub-categories. Marsh distinguishes celebrity centered talk-shows, from sensational tabloid talkshows to current shows which mix both entertainment and informative aspects. Marsh highlights the common themes extending over the different genres and argues that we are a curious culture and like to see the lives of others exposed and measure their problems with our own to help us deal with our own issue. She also discusses the backlash of celebrity-based shows and sensational tabloid talk and how today talkshows have evolved from relying on sensationalism, to being more dynamic and finding niche audiences in order to diversify and keep talkshow madness alive today.
Newbury, Michael. "Celebrity Watching." American Literary History, June 2000.
This article presents a brief but informative summary of the rise of the modern "celebrity" as well as the creation of the "celebrity culture". Newbury draws from three books " ‚Banjo Eyes: Eddie Cantor and the Birth of Modern Stardom by Herbert G. Goldman, Hemingway and His Conspirators by Leonard Leff and Celebrity and Power: Fame in Contemporary Culture by David Marshall. Through Goldman's book he explains Eddie Cantor to be the first "modern star" and argues that Goldman failed to consider Candor as a role model for celebrities to follow. Through Leff's book he discusses Hemingway's role in the creation of celebrity culture and discusses the lack of authentic of the 'celebrity" itself, and how the media helped celebrities create a false sense of intimacy with the public. He continues to explore the falsity of the celebrity and the influence of celebrity in society through Marshall's book. He discusses simulacra, as well as puts these theories in the context of contemporary culture.
Stefanone, Michael, Derek Lackaff, and Devan Rosen. "The Relationship between Traditional Mass Media and "Social Media": Reality Television as a Model for Social Network Site Behavior." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media (2010):18.
} http://www.google.com/#sclient=psy&hl=en&q=According+to+recent+studies%2C+younger+people+are+increasingly+engaged+with+social+technologies+
and+over+half+of+internetusing+teens+are+%E2%80%9Ccontent+creators%E2%80%9D+who+use+social+networking+sites%2C+cre(accessed November 2, 2010).
This article is a study that proposes Reality TV as a model for social network site behavior. The study first explores Reality television and the confessional tendencies displayed by reality TV show participants, then the behavior seen in social network sites such as information sharing and "friending". This study surveyed young adults to determine the extent to which RTV (reality television) consumption explained a range of user behavior in the context of social network sites. Results show a consistent relationship between RTV consumption and the length of time spent on these sites, the size of users’ networks, the proportion of friends not actually met face to face, and photo sharing frequency. Using the data collected as well as the Bandura's cognitive learning theory, the study attempts to prove that social network users emulate the behaviors portrayed in reality television. The purpose of the study is to prove that there is a dynamic relationship between traditional and new media today, and that confessional culture in television has been influential on internet usage amongst young people.
Different Types of Social Networks- Identity
